Firearm.



G. HAMMOND.

FIREARM.

APPucATloN FILED ma. II. 1914.

Patented May 25, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

IN VEN TOR.

G. HAMMOND.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILEDy IAR-ily 19H.

f Patented my 25, 1915.

' 2 sains-SHEET 2 y FNPAVTNESSES- Barnum Geniee'.

or rinmonn;

C. MHBUMEfOFPITTSFIEIID;MASSACHUSETTS' ANI ONEIHIBITV TG'FBEDEBIK G2) CMNB, QFDALTON; MASSACHUSETTS. Y v

i mami VT all'whom it'may concern:

Be it known thatl, GRANT HAMMoivinja citizen ofthe Unitedl States, and aresid'ant of Hartfordgin the oountyofHartford'and 5 State ofConnecticut, have invented anew and Improved Firearm, of 'which the followin is a specifications invention relates more especially to' which the `objects hereinabove-setfout,"as well as others, may be attained, is--illus'trated in the accompanying drawings, lin -Whi'chy i Figure' l isa view in side elevation of' a ,firearmembodying Iny-inventi'bnl Fig. 2"-is a view in side elevation 'of the-fi'rearm with parts broken and out away. generally in central section: to show construction, bolt, however, beingcut on a pla-ne located'y just at one side oftlie center.` FigQB is a view in section through. the handle'on plane denoted by dotted line 3*# 3 oFig. 2. Fig. 4 is a view of the firearm looking at Athe side opposite to that shown. in Fig. 2, the gripibeing removed and theparts broken away -to show construction, the magazine also being removed.` Fig. 5 is'a detail view on plane, denoted by dotted'lline 5-'-5 of"Fig.4. Fig'. 6 is a side view'of' the magazine artly broken away vto show construction; ig.` 7 is an edge view of the same. Fig. 8 illusl40 trates a top, side, and end view ofthe breechbolt. Fig. 9- is a detail view showing the Prelative positions,'of'tlie'hammer and breech,-

bolt when thelatteris at thebaclrward of its play.A Figglis a fragmentary view,- scale enlarged,` illustrating l the Aresistance block and its spring. f 'f yIn the accompanying drawingstlie nu'- xneral 1.5 denotes thehandlev or r'amevof my improved firearm and ,16% the` receiver eonstitiltin'githe upper part o thefstructurei the receiver andhandle beingjformed integral!A each with the other'. 'AfbarelQ 17l is secured` to the receiverin any staible' manner, and `a i sneeuwman: Lettefsmmf one that device embodying my inven` tion, and in the construction and use of* n triggerguard lextends fronitlie iranienne? withinY which a."pivotally,,mountedtrigger.-i9N

projects.

-PatentedMay-Z, 1915i.. y Application mea mmh 11, 1914. semi Hoene;

-A' bmech-boltr 2.0 is inountedin a breech?.

bolt chamber 21'in.the,rece1ven, thiscliamber;

having, a discharge, openingythrougb, the

top`4 Wall! of.t empty shel1s'. are bolt 1s of peculiar shape, being out away.

more or ftlie receiver "throughfyvhicli" the] less-,at the lowerpartbui; .generallyV discharged.' lThef'breech-I of a Shape. at frontendto'iitjthoocyline drical bore' existitutinga portion. of.; the

' breech-boltI chamber' 2l tlef: reeiver.;

This generally.. round portion constitutes `extension,2%,ganerallyoirectangular crmI i' ineross-secti'onandloeatedf at .the upper-.part of the breech-bolt,this extensionbein gota width topermit it'to passthrou has 0h25 in the receiver andwi'thn whic tho-heme mer 26. moves. Grooves.-2"fareormedj-n the bottom of I'the breechfbolt, extei'ldingione gitudinally `thereoii andfto, receivel i tions from* a magazine in a manner an iol: a, purpose to'be her,einjaitexjdescribedvv A'i'i;-ir-r ingpin 28 's locatedin thebreechI-"boltlatthe top anda little atone sideofthecenterfinamier Y position tolstrike the rim fof, a cartnidfga-v shell, the firing pin beingheldanormally. in fa backward' positionby. a. spring :29'l00ated 1n a. spring; chamber iii= thebreachvloeit,-`- said si, 'ing g thrusting, against: 'a shoulder formed 'by'y an enlargement SOon the iiringvpin, theV spring chamber i being :closedI by; tubular plug l'throughl which the back end oy V,the

firing pin passes in. posit-i011.4 to bev-struck by.

guide pin` rests,v this conin the breeehbolt, the vfor-Ward end of the 'onione 'side against which 1 lor4 tlegpurposef of holding extractor havinga hooligto engage the rim of l a' cartridge` shell inA tire-usual' manner, the' endoftheextractor being-beveled as .shown l i ,in Fig. s so' una lewin ria in af'reeessfi in thejiondof'the barrel; j l

" the receiverffimany.' ordinary.: mannenoa l y e over the Vrino of'. the-cartridge` shell-and engage said' rivm byf the springa'ctionof Ythe extractorand` with-K spring hooking over a pin a 216m thehammer, y111m Lin Fig. e. YThe as shown in dotted outwhich lt 1S Secured, s Illealls of a pm 08 a 7 main spring 39 thrusting with one end against the shoulder formed by the head on said sleeve and the other end of, the sp-ringbeing located within and thrusting against a cap 40, said sleeve and cap being located in a well 41 formed in the handle of the firearm. VA sup orting plate 42 is secured to theoutside o? the handle 15, the upper end of the plate having a slot within which a breech-bolt actuating lever 43 is pivotally mounted, the upper end of this lever passing into a lever recess 44 in the breech-bolt. This lever. is widened at its lower end, one wing having a breech closing lug 45 resting upon a breech closing cap 40. The lower end'of this breech closing block is beveled, as shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, and it rests against a correspondingly beveled surface at the upper end of a resistance block 47 loosely supported on a pin 48 secured to the plate 42. The angle of the beveled contacting surfaces of the breech closing block and resistance block is such that a suiiicient force will cause them to disenga e, the resistance block being'moved outwar ly under the thrust ofthe block 46, the mount of the resistance block upon the pin 48 beingloose enough to permit this movement.

A resistance spring 49 is secured to the resistance block and thrusts with its lower end against the inner surface of the supporting plate 42. v

An opening lever 5.0 is p'ivotally mounted on the handle, its end being formed into a finger piece 5l underlying the trigger guard and in position to be readily actuated l by the fingers. rlhe heel of this lever is lo gagement with the cated in line with a Wing.52 of the lever 43, and this heel is pivotally connected with a releasing bar 53 slidably mounted in the slot in the supporting plate 42, this bar having a beveled end 54 to engage behind' an'd move it from enblock 46. A. spring 55 secured tothe supporting plate 42 thrusts against a shoulder on the releasing bar and tends' to hold it normally disengaged from tli'eresistance block. It will be noted that block 47 against the beveled surface 54 will secure this same result. It will be noted from/this construction that pressure upon the finger piece 5l the resistance block will move the releasing bar to dlsenga e the GID -rcsistance block from the breech. c osing block and a continued gage the lever 50 with the wing 5 2'0f the breech-bolt actuating lever and swin v lever on its i'vot to move the breec -bolt backward an magazine 56 is constructed for location lower end of this rodl projects into aheaded sleeve 37 within normally in a movement will enf said open the breech-bolt chamber.'

extractor striking these prongs thus caus ing the shellsy to charge opening 22. The `follower 59 of the magazine is supported upon a sprin 60 arranged within the magazme in a wel known manner. A feature of my improvement resides in the construction of thls follower 59 sothat it may yield and accommodate itself to the different angular positions of the cartridges which will vary according to the number of cartridges in the magazine. In my improved device the follower 5,9 is formed integral-.with a guide 61 resting against an u right edge wall of the magazine,` the who e ing of such` construction that the follower 5 9 may yield, or assume' different angular positions withl respect to the guide 61. The upper front edges of the magazine chamber have a grooved lip 62 to guide and direct the cartridges as they are forced from the magazine bythe nose 63 on the breech-bolt.

I A sear 64 is mounted in the receiver inl position for ,its end to enga the hammer and hold the movement. A spring pressed pin 65 1n the back of the sear thrusts against the spring rod^35 that is rigid enough to hold the Sear position to engage thenotch in the hammer. iscar actuating bar 66 is slidably mounted in the frame,its front end resting behind and against the trig r 19. projection 67 `is .r 66

tter against disengaged from the scar after thelatter hammer, and'.

has beendisengaged from the when pressure upon the trigger is released, the spring pressed 'pin 72 acting upon the cam surface of the notch 71 will move the bar forward and cause it to against the trigger Movement di? the pro jection 67 out of line of movement of the sear enables the latter'fto swingqso that it may engagelthe notch inthe hammer should the latter be thrownlbackwardfwhile ressure uponv the trigger is maintained. his construction will prevent unintentional repeateddischarge of the'irearm.

The Sear i`s held against swinging movemerit in one direction by the front wall of the recess in which itis located, the lower end of the-scar' engagingsuch wall. It will be noted that the pivots of the sear andA ejected through the disa lnotch in normally rest income.

and'A this will also tend. to move the scar to.

moreelosely engage the notch', and this ar rangement ifionthe hammer. An adjusting screw 7D is locntediinthe back ofthe mafgazine chamber in positionl to engagethe ront part of; the saar, wiierebyrthe latter tioned to determine-theerteiit' to which it will the notch inthe hammer.

i; this screw the engagement of the nd sean the lirearnr may' embody 'the principles of' a ir triggenor one in 'which an moon! si .i-ahle' amount oipressure 'will be reqoircdtodisengage the scarl fromlthe hain-V mer 1lb ivillibe notedV thatthe rod "35 serves donble'pnrpose, that of a Sear stop aswell as for a connes ion between the hammer and main spring'. The `breech closing and le sistanee blocks retard the opening-movement off the breech-bolt under the force of` thegases for a sumcient period to enable the zireffwith the flanges of'each out on opposite sides,

' the pile.V as g-eiirvedform; l `curved form of 'Iso be substantially '5o does notgproject the nin the recoil slide in itsy backiv bulle t to leave-the barrel, after which this torce will have been. exertedsuiiciently to disengage said blocks and permit the breechboltfto open.

Theoartridges, as they` rest in the magaof line with thev fiangesl of those` assume different angular positions,

a Whole takesa so that more or less Iii-order to provide for this the pile I give to the magasine a morev or less curved form by providing'I degres-sions` 73 located in opposite edges of the magazine and out of line each another; ably made ii-.piano Wire and has such resilientqnalities .that it will readily accommodate itself-.to the, different positions of tached. The opening lever is actionbetween itssides, I mount the lever upon pin '74 of angular shape in cross sec@ tion so thatrthe sides of the lever are -pre-y vented from relative turning movement.

lt will be noted, as Ashown inzFi'g. 9 of Athe hammer is so mounted is at' `the backward limit @fits play, itsend on a vertical plane co is, the breech-bolt in its backward position back of the hammer, and the obgections incident to firearmsI in which ard movement passes beyond the hammer are, avoided.

may be posiy on the hammer llo which it is'at. composed"v l of-con'iparativelythin metal, and in order to e vimpart rigidity toit and reduce tne spring gnarosagainst accidentaliiring bv reason of bloirs'nadvertently delivered heininer maybe so regulated that The spring rod 35 is prefer- .incident with thebacli of .the hammer, that i breech-bolt and mount the hammer that the latter `stri-kes within the receiver, the back end of the breechbolt inthe forward posi tion of the latter being located Well Within the receiver and at some distance from its back end. J

Iii order to laid in retarding the back- Ward or opening movement of the breechbolt for a time sullicient to prevent the gases of explosion from passing out at the breech, in addition to the devices hereinbefore de'-y scribed I employ the following construe tion: An annular groove 7 5 is formed inthe barrel in position to be covered by the car tridge'- shell when in place in the barrel. This'groov'e will be of a depthdepending upon. the amountof resistance it is desired to. impart to the removal of the cartridge shell, and this will depend uponthe conditions With respect to the length of the shell and the length of the barrel', the longer the barrel and the shorter the shell, the deeper will Aloe-the groove. As an example, with a six inchv barrel, and what is known as a short shell, that is a 22 rim-fire, the depth of the groove Would be approximately .5/1000 of an inch, it being understood that tliisisuan. approximate measuiement'given simply for the purpose of illustration'. lNith 95 this construction the force of the gases Within the shell expand its Walls into the groove', and as ay consequence lnore force is then required to move the cartridge shell romthe breech with a result that the opening ofithe 10oV breech action is delayed. Thisgroove also acts to retard the opening movement of ,the breech action by affording a s pacelvvithin which the gases may expand before pressure f is exerted bachyvardly against the shell and m5 i the breech-bolt. This expanding action lis.A aided by the mechanism within thehandle hereinbefore described for retarding theopening movement ofthe breech action, in tliat.the delay caused by this mechanism ,1i-0 allows the wall of the cartridge to be full-y .expanded into the groove before any backward movement of the shell takes place.

4I claimp l 1. A firearm including a breeclrbolt, a hammer, aspiralspring, a rodextending from the hammer through said spring and connected to the latterto receive itsforce, a member resting-upon said spring,vconnece tions between saidmeinber and thefbreechlbolt to impart the force of said spring to the bolt, and means for controlling the move-l ment of the hammer.

I 2. A firearm includingV a breech-bolt, a hammer, a breech-bolt actuating lever, a spiral spring located in the' handle of the irearm,'a cap fitting over the top of'said spring, a lug from said leve'r to receive said cap, a'ro'd resisting the force of the spring atitsl lower. end, said 13G hammer, a main spring,I a iiexible rod eli-"- fao f therefor, means includinhg erating `the sear.

spring locate in said well, a headed sleeve well and upon which said sprin rests, a hammer, a rod connecting said s eeve and hammer, a cap ttin the up er end of the s ring, a breec bolt, a breech-bolt actuating ever connected with the breech-bolt, a lug upon the lever over- 1 ing said cap, and means for controlling t e movement of the hammer.

.4. A firearm including a breech-bolt, 'a

located -in said ltending through said spring and connected with one end t ereof for imparting the force of said spring to the hammer, a connection between the opposite end of the spring and breech-bolt for imparting the force of the spring to the breech-bolt, and means for controlling the movement of the hammer, v

'5'. Afirearm including a breech-bolt, a

hammer, hammer actuating means includ.`

ing a movab'ly mounted member, a rod c onnecting said member with rod being iiexible to travel in a curved path with respectto its.points of connection vto said member and hammer, and means forcontrolling the movement of the hammer.

6. A firearm including a hammer, a Sear a fiexible'rod for moving the hammer to ring position, said flexible rod pressing against tlie'sear to -move it to engage the hammer, and means for op- 7. A -firearm including a hammer, a sear therefor, a Sear actuating bar to engage the Sear, said bar having a cam notch in its edge,

a member to yieldingly engage Within said notch to cause movement of the bar in one direction, and means for operating the bar in the opposite direction.

8. .A firearm including a breech-bolt a breech-bolt actuating lever, a breech closing block mounted to resist movement of said lever andv having a beveled surface, a resistance block having a beveled surface coperating with that on the breech closing block, said resistance block being movably mounted to disengage from the breech closing block, and means for .firing the firearm to cause movement of the breech-bolt.

9. A firearm including a breech-bolt, a breech-bolt actuating lever, a main spring, a breech closing block rborne by said spring, a lug on the lever resting against said block, the latter having a beveled surface, a resistance block having a beveledfsurface to t engage with that on the breech closing block,

closing block overl vengage that on ing block,

p block being forfiring the 'rearm to cause movementof the hammer,` said Agage saidresisting member. v, -i 1 A firearm including a breech-bolt, a.

lbreech-bolt actuating --nccted with said opening lever and arlever,

10.A firearmV including a breech-bolt, a breech-bolt actuating lever connected there--` on the breech-.bolt lever, a main spring, a cap seated upon the main spring, a breech closing block secured to the and resting a einst said lug, saidbreech aving a beveled surface, a having a beveled surface to lthe v'breech closing block, said resistance block being inovably mounted for disengagement from the breech closand meansfor firing the firearm to cause movement ofthe breech-bolt.

11.A firearm including a breech-bolt, Aa breech-bolt actuating lever, a resistance resistance block block having a beveled surface to resist said resistang-f.

movement of said lever, i

mamovably mounted to; disengagei it and permit movement of the breech-bolt in one .-direction,fand ineens for moving the breech-bolt inthe opposite] direction. ,g 12.5A firearm includinga breechbolt breech-bolt actuating meansya member resist movement of said actuating means, af manuallyy actuated member to engage said actuating means,

said manually actuated member 3. breech-bolt actuatin lever, means for resisting movement o saidlever, a breechbolt opening leverI to engage the breech` bolt actuating lever, and means' connectedf with said opening lever to disengage. the le,-

ver resisting means.

and means connected with,

14. A firearm including a Vbreech-bolt, a f

breech-bolt actuatin lever, means for re'- sisting movement o the lever, a breech*- bolt opening .lever adapted to engage the lever, and a bar conanged to disengage said lever resisting means, v

15. A firearm including a breech-bolt, a breech-bolt actuating lever, a breech-bolt closing block opposing movement of saidG al breech-bolt resistance block located in the path of movement of said elosin block, a breech-bolt opening lever adap to engage the breech-bolt actuating lever, and means connected with said openin lever to move s'aidresistance block out o the' path of the breech closing block.v

16; A firearm including a trigger guard a breech-bolt, means to resist movement o the breech-bolt, manually actuated means mounted in accessible positionwith respect a breech-bolt, a breech-bolt actuating lever, means for resisting movement of said le' Ver, a breech-bolt opening lever pivotallx7 mounted underlyingsaid trigger guard and in position to engage the actuating lever, and means connected with said opening lever to disconnect the lever resisting means.

18. A firearm including a hammer, a spring rod secured to the hammer, said rod being flexible to travel in a curved path with respect to its points of connection to other members, a -main spring thrusting against said rod to place the hammer under spring action, and means for operating the hammer.

19A A firearm including a frame with a recess therein of angular shape, firing mechanism including' a hammer mounted in said recess, a flexible rod located in said recess and opcrativel)T connected with the hammer, and a main spring located in said recess and operatively connected with the opposite end of the rod, the angular portion of said recess intersecting a straight line between the point-s of connection for the opposite ends of said rod.

20. A magazine for a firearm, a follower for said magazine, means for forcing the follower in one direction, the edges of the site sides of said opening lever and form ing the pivot thereof.

. GRANT HAMMOND. lVitnesses ARTHUR B. JENKINS, ANNE E. OBRIEN. 

